Direct observation of practical skills (DOPS)

Direct observation of practical skills (DOPS)

Published: 28 October 2022

This was published when the organisation was the Royal Pharmaceutical Society.


The direct observation practical skills (DOPS) is has been designed specifically for the assessment of practical skills, and is useful for demonstrating competence in a range of practical activities.

The observed process should take no longer than 15 – 20 minutes, and a further five minutes should be allocated for obtaining feedback.

How to use DOPS in practice


Flu vaccination

How to use DOPS in practice


Community example

How to use DOPS in practice


Hospital example

Completing the DOPS assessment


Flu vaccination

Completing the DOPS assessment


Community example

Completing the DOPS assessment


Hospital example

How to give feedback